One of the key concerns that modern gardeners face is how best to utilise one of the most important resources to their projects, that is to say water. There are myriad different methods that deal with this problem and each has its own benefits and drawbacks, ranging from basic efficiency, to financial weight, to how quickly and thoroughly it gets the job done.
Therefore, we’ve outlined the primary models of irrigation available to domestic horticulturalists, highlighting the positives and negatives of each, and which size, or type of garden each would perform most effectively in.
The most simple, and arguably most cost effective, watering system is that of the simple water butt and watering can. As the operation relies solely on recycled rainwater and hand drawn dispersal, there is no financial burden beyond the initial purchase of the equipment. Also, this system requires no maintenance, aside from the first installation, as it will collect any rainfall it is exposed to simply by being there. There are many alternatives to the utilitarian-looking green butt available now, ranging from terracotta urn look-alikes, to faux lead cisterns. Of course the drawback of this system is also a product of its great advantage – its reliance on rainfall and it will inevitably fail as a system during a drought. There is also the amount of space versus water yield to consider – if you have a very large garden, then it may take up to half a dozen of these butts to sustain it, even in a rainy season. Not to mention the huge cost in time and labour spent darting back and forth with a watering can, although this can be extremely water efficient as you can guide by hand where every drop of water ends up.
Sprinklers attached to hoses are among the most common systems of domestic irrigation as they have the advantage of being mobile, not to mention having an adjustable area of effectiveness. However, the very concept of such above ground irrigation means that the method will be wrought with inefficiency as the majority of the water it provides will reach only the leaves and very shallow roots of plants. This method is best utilised primarily for hydrating lawns as grass surface is too small to resist its penetration, or for maintaining moisture levels in unplanted areas of the garden.
The seep hose, or ‘leaky pipe’, has become a popular alternate innovation, particularly in formal gardens, due to the nature of planting styles that these afford. The basic principle of the seep hose is that porous tubes run either just under the soil close to the roots of several established plants, or on the surface under a mulch, and release water gradually and consistently. These perform best in simple schemes, or when the plants are in a row, for example as in low box hedging. Soil density is important as it will affect the spread of the water – hard compacted soil may keep it on the surface and much will be lost through evaporation, or will run away from the base of the plant only to later sink and be absorbed into empty soil instead of your cultivars’ roots. Well-cultivated soil around the plants will allow the water to go where you want it to. Seep hoses are also a fairly cheap method of irrigation, however they are also at their most effective if installed in new gardens which will then allow you to plant around the circuit of irrigation. If your garden is already established you should probably consider one of the above ground options as this would be more efficient and cost effective.
A more sophisticated and efficient way of reaching wider areas with water is to install an automated ‘spike’ system. The pipework still snakes around the garden as with the above method, but the water is delivered via small spray heads which can be set at 45, 90, 180 or 360 degrees to apply the water exactly where you want it. The heads are at low level so that the water is sprayed near to the base of the plants, rather than all over the leaves as in the sprinkler method.
The system is attached to an outside tap on a timer so that it will come on automatically, preferably in the middle of the night, so that the moisture can be absorbed into the soil, rather than evaporated in daytime heat. ‘Drippers’ can also be connected to the system to irrigate pots and planters.
In closing, while the water butt will be faraway your most cost effective option, you must weigh it against the size of your garden and whether you’ll have the time and labour to rely on it solely – and also, of course, the likely rainfall. The sprinkler system, while fairly cheap and easy to control, has a very low order of efficiency in any other field than, well, lawn hydration. The seep hose is a valid option for large scale horticulture, however, it will require trial and error if it has not been a consideration during the planting stage and your garden is already established. The automated ‘spike’ system is probably the most expensive method of irrigation; however, the cost must be weighed against its superior efficiency, both in terms of water expended and time and effort involved.
Floral and Hardy are experts in this field, so if you are planning to re-design your garden and to include irrigation as part of the plan, do get in touch.
By Josh Ellison
